疫情过后养老社区设计亟需变革

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued recommendations to help minimize the spread of COVID-19 in long-term care facilities where the population is more vulnerable to this coronavirus. But senior living communities have found that following the CDC’s recommendations have created significant operational impacts. To prevent COVID-19 from entering their communities, many facilities are reduced to a single access point and have added stations for staff to safely put on and remove PPE. Ongoing screenings and monitoring meant to identify infection early and to contain spread, as well as enhanced cleaning, maintenance and disinfection routines have added workload for staff. Supplying needed cleaning supplies and PPE have added costs. And managing any outbreaks within their communities have demanded adjustments to isolate those who are sick while providing them with ongoing treatment.

While the economic and operational impacts of the novel coronavirus on senior living communities are clear, the social-emotional impacts are perhaps even more critical and challenging to quantitatively measure. As designers who invest our careers in making senior living communities comfortable, safe and nourishing places, this moment in human health has caused us to rethink and apply basic tactics to ensure the health and well-being of caregivers and occupants.

Prior to the pandemic, senior living care providers were focused on upgrading the resident experience, targeting hospitality-based design and amenities to appeal to the incoming baby boomer generation. And although most senior living providers are well into their response, the disease’s unique pressures and uncertain duration may change the array of resident amenities and methods of social engagement and activities for years to come.

The Intersection of Social Interaction and Technology

Communities are in a state of lockdown with cancellation of non-essential outside excursions, full restrictions on visitation, and no shaking hands or hugging. If dining room service is available it is limited to groups of 10, but more likely residents are taking meals in their rooms. All group activities are cancelled. There is immense pressure on providers to offset the negative effects social distancing is having on residents’ quality of life. There are glimmers of hope: communities are finding inventive solutions to offset social isolation. In recent weeks, news coverage has been full of examples including doling out drinks and bowls of ice cream from mobile carts; arranging hallway parties; and holding social events outside in the fresh air, even if the residents themselves are only observing.

Providers have also turned to creative tech-forward solutions. One senior living community introduced a new YouTube pilot channel to maintain a greater sense of normalcy in day-to-day activities. Taking a cue from the cruise industry, an in-house production team delivers programming directly to residents’ computers or mobile devices three times a week. The developed content is a supplement to the provider’s COVID-19 activities schedule.

Even as the pandemic wears on and beyond its resolution, providers will need to continue evolving programming to ward against social isolation. Virtual streaming for exercise, spiritual services, and learning activities originally put in place for the pandemic are likely to outlast the pandemic. Expansion of either in-house production companies or YouTube channels will be leveraged for generating online content daily.  Virtual visits with family are most likely here to stay even after supplemented by onsite visits in the future. It will become vital for providers to ensure their residents’ access to technology including providing training to teach residents how to access digital programming.

Allaying Anxiety and Rebuilding Trust

Round-the-clock care necessary during this pandemic has been requiring overtime pay and bonusing that is impacting operational budgets. Unfortunately, while the cost of care is soaring, new residents are not being accepted during the pandemic due to the increased risk of infection, so there is no offset of revenue. Even as we move past crisis response to the "new normal" when new residents can be accepted, there may be a reduction in applications as fears of lockdown, isolation and infection may still run high.

Residents and applicants will want to see how communities are addressing these issues. Facilities operators will need to update intake processes with increased health screening for incoming residents, possibly completed at an alternative location. Once becoming a member of the community, residents may expect ongoing health screenings. Communities with onsite clinics currently may look to add telehealth rooms to expand access for routine and specialty care. Some providers may also add dedicated infection control units capable of handling the next pandemic.

Demonstrating safety and cleanliness will become even more paramount to attracting residents and retaining trust. Taking cues from healthcare, providers will pay more attention to flows through their facilities to address infection control hygiene. Expect adaptations that prevent infection by controlling paths of family, residents, staff, information, equipment, and waste within the community. Updated visitation policies will most likely require ongoing screening of all staff and visitors. Communities will need to update wayfinding to control flows through their facilities, but also reinforce feelings of competency and compliance for residents, staff and visitors.

PPE donning and doffing areas are likely to last or be present for a long time, including locations at public entry points and near resident rooms to ensure utilization by all, and hand sanitizer locations will be dispersed throughout the community. Finish and furniture selections will be scrutinized to favor those that are compatible with infection control protocols and able to withstand repeated disinfection. Visible sanitation locations will remain dispersed throughout communities.

Designers will need to play an essential role in maintaining a focus on seniors and their well-being as we endure and emerge from the current pandemic. We must design to enable quality of care and flexibility in facilities to keep residents and caregivers safe from this novel virus and future potential threats, while balancing design solutions that protect and promote the social and mental wellness of residents and staff.